The question of royalty payments did not arise as a parliamentary problem until the closing years of the century when Britain was faced with increasing competition from German and American coal. The five reports included in this subject set are the result of the work of a Royal Commission appointed to investigate the royalties question.
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As concessions were gained for children working in mines and collieries, the investigations were widened in scope to cover general social and working conditions in mining districts. The resulting report of the Midlands Mining Commission (1843) by Commissioner Thomas Tancred and annual reports (1844-59) of H. S. Tremenheere, appointed mining districts commissioner under the terms of the 1842 Act, are presented in this set together with the reports of the Dean Forest Mining Commissioners (1839-1841).
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From the 1830s to the end of the nineteenth century, the parliamentary papers contain a comprehensive documentation of the human, managerial and scientific problems of mining safety - an area which, despite its importance to Britain’s industrial supremacy, received all too little legislation impetus until late in the century.
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Contains the introduction of the sliding scale principle for regulation of monopoly services (extensively used since then) which was envisaged in the report on the price of gas in London, published in 1875 (see IUP volume Gas 4). The reports presented in 1895 and 1899 show that electricity was beginning to compete successfully with gas; the gas companies found their profits were beginning to fall and a new era in the history of the gas industry had begun.
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Early in the century the main problems concerning the coal trade centred on the supplying of the fuel to the larger cities, particularly London, the methods used to determine the value of coal, and the payment of coal duties. By the 1870s, the central point was to determine just how much coal was still left to be mined and how wastage could be avoided - in general, how to make the coal trade, both domestically and internationally, more efficient. During this same period the increasing price of coal was also studied in its relation to miners’ wages and greater industrial demands for the fuel.
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